• Python - Basic Syntax

    Basic Operators


    Operators are the builds which can control the value of operands.

    Consider the expression 4 + 5 = 9. Here, 4 and 5 are called operands and + is called Operator.

    Sorts of Administrator

    Python dialect underpins the accompanying sorts of operators.

     Arithmetic Operators
     Comparison (Relational) Operators
     Assignment Operators
     Logical Operators
     Bitwise Operators
     Membership Operators
     Identity Operators

    Let us have a look on all operators one by one.

    Python Arithmetic Operators


    Assume variable a holds 10 and variable b holds 20, then −
    Operator
    Description
    Example
    + Addition
    Adds values on either side of the operator.
    a + b = 30
    - Subtraction
    Subtracts right hand operand from left hand operand.
    a – b = -10
    * Multiplication
    Multiplies values on either side of the operator
    a * b = 200
    / Division
    Divides left hand operand by right hand operand
    b / a = 2
    % Modulus
    Divides left hand operand by right hand operand and returns remainder
    b % a = 0
    ** Exponent
    Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators
    a**b =10 to the power 20
    //
    Floor Division - The division of operands where the result is the quotient in which the digits after the decimal point are removed. But if one of the operands is negative, the result is floored, i.e., rounded away from zero (towards negative infinity):
    9//2 = 4 and 9.0//2.0 = 4.0, -11//3 = -4, -11.0//3 = -4.0


    Python Comparison Operators


    These operators think about the values on either sides of them and choose the relation among them. They are likewise called Relational operators.

    Expect variable a holds 10 and variable b holds 20, then −

    Operator
    Description
    Example
    ==
    If the values of two operands are equal, then the condition becomes true.
    (a == b) is not true.
    !=
    If values of two operands are not equal, then condition becomes true.

    <> 
    If values of two operands are not equal, then condition becomes true.
    (a <> b) is true. This is similar to!= operator.
    > 
    If the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, then condition becomes true.
    (a > b) is not true.
    < 
    If the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, then condition becomes true.
    (a < b) is true.
    >=
    If the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, then condition becomes true.
    (a >= b) is not true.
    <=
    If the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, then condition becomes true.
    (a <= b) is true.

    Python Assignment Operators


    Accept variable a holds 10 and variable b holds 20, then –

    Operator
    Description
    Example
    =
    Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand
    c = a + b assigns value of a + b into c
    += Add AND
    It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand
    c += a is equivalent to c = c + a
    -= Subtract AND
    It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand
    c -= a is equivalent to c = c - a
    *= Multiply AND
    It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand
    c *= a is equivalent to c = c * a
    /= Divide AND
    It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand
    c /= a is equivalent to c = c / ac /= a is equivalent to c = c / a
    %= Modulus AND
    It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand
    c %= a is equivalent to c = c % a
    **= Exponent AND
    Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators and assign value to the left operand
    c **= a is equivalent to c = c ** a
    //= Floor Division
    It performs floor division on operators and assign value to the left operand
    c //= a is equivalent to c = c // a

     

    Python Bitwise Operators


    Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bit by bit operation. Expect if a = 60; and b = 13; Now in twofold organization they will be as per the following −

    a = 0011 1100

    b = 0000 1101

    - -

    a&b = 0000 1100

    a|b = 0011 1101

    a^b = 0011 0001

    ~a = 1100 0011

    There are following Bitwise operators upheld by Python language

    Operator
    Description
    Example
    & Binary AND
    Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands
    (a & b) (means 0000 1100)
    | Binary OR
    It copies a bit if it exists in either operand.
    (a | b) = 61 (means 0011 1101)
    ^ Binary XOR
    It copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.
    (a ^ b) = 49 (means 0011 0001)
    ~ Binary Ones Complement
    It is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits.
    (~a ) = -61 (means 1100 0011 in 2's complement form due to a signed binary number.
    << Binary Left Shift
    The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
    a << = 240 (means 1111 0000)
    >> Binary Right Shift
    The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
    a >> = 15 (means 0000 1111)

    Python Logical Operators


    There are following Logical operators supported by Python language. Assume variable a holds 10 and variable b holds 20 then

    Used to turn around the sensible condition of its operand.
    Operator
    Description
    Example
    and Logical AND
    If both the operands are true then condition becomes true.
    (a and b) is true.
    or Logical OR
    If any of the two operands are non-zero then condition becomes true.
    (a or b) is true.
    not Logical NOT
    Used to reverse the logical state of its operand.
    Not(a and b) is false


    Python Membership Operators

    Python’s membership operators test for membership in a sequence, such as strings, lists, or tuples. There are two membership operators as explained below

    Operator
    Description
    Example
    in
    Evaluates to true if it finds a variable in the specified sequence and false otherwise.
    x in y, here in results in a 1 if x is a member of sequence y.
    not in
    Evaluates to true if it does not finds a variable in the specified sequence and false otherwise.
    x not in y, here not in results in a 1 if x is not a member of sequence y.

    Python Identity Operators

    Operator
    Description
    Example
    is
    Evaluates to true if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object and false otherwise.
    x is y, here is results in 1 if id(x) equals id(y).
    is not
    Evaluates to false if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object and true otherwise.
    x is not y, here is not results in 1 if id(x) is not equal to id(y).


    Python Operators Precedence


    The following table lists all operators from highest precedence to lowest.
    Operator
    Description
    **
    Exponentiation (raise to the power)
    ~ + -
    Complement, unary plus and minus (method names for the last two are +@ and -@)
    * / % //
    Multiply, divide, modulo and floor division
    + -
    Addition and subtraction
    >> <<
    Right and left bitwise shift
    &
    Bitwise 'AND'
    ^ |
    Bitwise exclusive `OR' and regular `OR'
    <= < > >=
    Comparison operators
    <> == !=
    Equality operators
    = %= /= //= -= += *= **=
    Assignment operators
    is is not
    Identity operators
    in not in
    Membership operators
    not or and
    Logical operators


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